8/19/2019

Xml Serialize List

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  1. Xml Serialize List Of Objects
  2. Xml Serialize List String
  3. Xml Serialize List

Controlling XML Serialization Using Attributes.; 6 minutes to read +2; In this article. Attributes can be used to control the XML serialization of an object or to create an alternate XML stream from the same set of classes.

  1. Serialize(XmlWriter, Object) Serialize(XmlWriter, Object) Serialize(XmlWriter, Object) Serializes the specified Object and writes the XML document to a file using the specified XmlWriter. Serialize(XmlWriter, Object, XmlSerializerNamespaces, String, String) Serialize(XmlWriter, Object, XmlSerializerNamespaces, String, String) Serialize(XmlWriter, Object, XmlSerializerNamespaces, String, String).
  2. Serializing XML in C#. The names of elements and attributes in the XML output are set by the names of the properties and fields from the object. You can direct the output of the serialization to a wide variety of.NET streams, including MemoryStream (with XmlWriter and StringWriter), FileStream, and NetworkStream classes.
  3. XML serialization. XML serialization serializes the public fields and properties of an object, or the parameters and return values of methods, into an XML stream that conforms to a specific XML Schema definition language (XSD) document. XML serialization results in strongly typed classes with public properties and fields that are converted to XML.
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Serialization is the process of converting an object into a stream of bytes to store the object or transmit it to memory, a database, or a file. Its main purpose is to save the state of an object in order to be able to recreate it when needed. The reverse process is called deserialization.

How serialization works

This illustration shows the overall process of serialization:

The object is serialized to a stream, which carries not just the data, but information about the object's type, such as its version, culture, and assembly name. From that stream, it can be stored in a database, a file, or memory.

Uses for serialization

Serialization allows the developer to save the state of an object and recreate it as needed, providing storage of objects as well as data exchange. Through serialization, a developer can perform actions like sending the object to a remote application by means of a Web Service, passing an object from one domain to another, passing an object through a firewall as an XML string, or maintaining security or user-specific information across applications.

Making an object serializable

To serialize an object, you need the object to be serialized, a stream to contain the serialized object, and a Formatter. System.Runtime.Serialization contains the classes necessary for serializing and deserializing objects.

Apply the SerializableAttribute attribute to a type to indicate that instances of this type can be serialized. An exception is thrown if you attempt to serialize but the type doesn't have the SerializableAttribute attribute.

If you don't want a field within your class to be serializable, apply the NonSerializedAttribute attribute. If a field of a serializable type contains a pointer, a handle, or some other data structure that is specific to a particular environment, and the field cannot be meaningfully reconstituted in a different environment, then you may want to make it nonserializable.

If a serialized class contains references to objects of other classes that are marked SerializableAttribute, those objects will also be serialized.

Binary and XML serialization

You can use binary or XML serialization. In binary serialization, all members, even members that are read-only, are serialized, and performance is enhanced. XML serialization provides more readable code, and greater flexibility of object sharing and usage for interoperability purposes.

Binary serialization

Binary serialization uses binary encoding to produce compact serialization for uses such as storage or socket-based network streams.

XML serialization

XML serialization serializes the public fields and properties of an object, or the parameters and return values of methods, into an XML stream that conforms to a specific XML Schema definition language (XSD) document. XML serialization results in strongly typed classes with public properties and fields that are converted to XML. System.Xml.Serialization contains the classes necessary for serializing and deserializing XML.

You apply attributes to classes and class members to control the way the XmlSerializer serializes or deserializes an instance of the class.

Basic and custom serialization

Serialization can be performed in two ways, basic and custom. Basic serialization uses the .NET Framework to automatically serialize the object.

Basic serialization

The only requirement in basic serialization is that the object has the SerializableAttribute attribute applied. The NonSerializedAttribute can be used to keep specific fields from being serialized.

When you use basic serialization, the versioning of objects may create problems. You would use custom serialization when versioning issues are important. Basic serialization is the easiest way to perform serialization, but it does not provide much control over the process.

Custom serialization

In custom serialization, you can specify exactly which objects will be serialized and how it will be done. The class must be marked SerializableAttribute and implement the ISerializable interface.

If you want your object to be deserialized in a custom manner as well, you must use a custom constructor.

Designer serialization

Designer serialization is a special form of serialization that involves the kind of object persistence associated with development tools. Designer serialization is the process of converting an object graph into a source file that can later be used to recover the object graph. A source file can contain code, markup, or even SQL table information.

Related Topics and Examples

Walkthrough: Persisting an Object in Visual Studio (C#)
Demonstrates how serialization can be used to persist an object's data between instances, allowing you to store values and retrieve them the next time the object is instantiated.

How to: Read Object Data from an XML File (C#)
Shows how to read object data that was previously written to an XML file using the XmlSerializer class.

How to: Write Object Data to an XML File (C#)
Shows how to write the object from a class to an XML file using the XmlSerializer class.

13 Oct 2018CPOL

Introduction

My previous article XML Serialization and Deserialization (Part-1) talks about serialization of objects to XML form. In this article, we will discuss about 'Deserialization of XML' back to object form. Deserialization is used to convert bytes of data, such as XML or binary data, to 'Object' type. An XML file can be reconverted back to an Object using deserialization.

Let's start with the basic example. Here is the XML file that need to be deserialized:

So in order to deserialize this XML file, we need to create a class:

This class contains a variable name which is the same as that of XML tags, XML tag values by default get mapped to the corresponding variable in the class. 'HouseNo' in class 'Address' will be automatically mapped to XML tag 'HouseNo'.

Now let's see a basic program which will map this XML to the class object:

'deserializer.Deserialize' function is used to deserialize the XML data which is there in XML file. Now since we have deserialized the XML file structure to object form, we can now access the XML tag values:

The following points should be noted while creating a class for Deserialization:

  1. Class variable/property should always be declared as public
  2. We need to have Default/ Non Parameterised constructor in order to deserialize

Any class without 'Default/ Non Parameterised' constructor will result into an error since 'deserializer.Deserialize(reader)' has no provision to pass value to parameterised constructor.

In the above code, we have simple XML Elements present with no sub Elements. Let's explore further and deal with some complicated situations where the XML Element may have further sub Tags:

Let's complicate the situation further and try to 'deserialize' the following 'XML':

Let's see the difference over here. In the following XML, we have multiple 'Address' tags. And also the Address tag contains further sub Tags. Therefore, we need to create our class such that it can hold multiple 'Address' tags and its sub tags. Let's see how we can create the class:

Remember here that when we create a class for deserialization of any tag, We can only drill down to a single level. To explain this in simple words, let me take an example. In the above XML, we have 'AddressDirectory' tab. In order to Deserialize, we create a class for 'AddressDirectory' tag. Now this class can have the details of following for 'AddressDirectory' XML tag:

  1. Attribute of 'AddressDirectory' tag if present
  2. Its Childnodes example 'Address' (can only access 'Address tags', cannot drill down to child nodes of 'Address' Tag)
  3. InnerText (if present)

Xml Serialize List Of Objects

The class AddressDirectory cannot extract information about the child tags of 'Address' and the 'Address' tag attributes. In order to fetch information about the 'ChildNodes' of 'Address' tag, we need to create another class that can store the attribute information and childnode information (up to first level).

Over here, we have created a class AddressDirectory that maps to the root tag element of 'XML'. And the root tag further contains 'Address' tags. We can have multiple tags for 'Address' over here, therefore we have created a list of class 'Address' in 'AddressDirectory' class so that multiple 'Address' tag information can be stored. Here, in the class, we can see XmlElement written over addressList. This attribute is used since the name of the class variable is different from that in XML file therefore in order to map the class variable with the XML tag, we use the keyword XmlElement. We will discuss about this later in the article.

We will see more examples about this further in the article.

The program to be executed in order to deserialize the XML will be:

The resultant object 'XmlData' will contain a list of object of type 'Address'. We can access the data for the first Address tag as:

The XML can be further complicated, let's see the following XML file structure and its class representation:

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Here, we can see some additional tags inside the 'AddressDirectory' like 'Owner', 'Age', 'Company' along with the list of 'Address' tags. So the class structure for the XML would be:

The childnodes of 'AddressDirectory' tags are present inside the AddressDirectory class and the childnodes of Address tab are present inside the address class.

Note: What is important to observe here is that the class can contain only those 'tag values' which are their immediate childnodes, i.e., AddressDirectory can only contain the information about their immediate childnode like 'Owner', 'Company', 'Age' and 'Address'. But here, 'Address' is further containing more tags. The childnodes for 'Address' tag cannot be represented by the class 'AddresssDirectory'. Therefore, we require another class for 'Address' tag that stores the childnode information about 'Address' class. The 'Address' class will further contain the value of their immediate childnode 'HouseNo', 'StreetName', 'City'. Since we have multiple Address tags, therefore we have a 'List' of 'Address' class.

XML Attributes during Deserialization

Attributes that can be useful during deserialization are:

  1. XmlElement
  2. XmlAttribute
  3. XmlText

These three attributes provide mapping information. It provides information about which element of the XML tag will be mapped to which variable of the class.

Observe the following XML:

Let's observe the different components of this XML file:

  1. AddressDirectory is the root node of the XML file
  2. AddressDirectory contains an 'XmlAttribute' as 'id' containing value '1'
  3. 'AddressDirectory' contains 'XmlElement' like DirectoryOwner, Address, Designation, Address
  4. 'Designation' tab contains an a 'XmlAttribute' ('place') and an 'XmlText' ('Delhi')

So from the above XML, we can figure out what are 'XmlElement', 'XmlAttribute', 'XmlText'. While deserializing such complex XML where we can have all the three components, we need to explicitly specify whether the class variable stores 'Element', 'Attribute' or 'XmlText'.

Let's try to desterilize this XML:

Here, we have mapped the class variable DirectoryOwner to DirectoryOwner tag of XML file.

Observe here that the class AddressDirectory contains the child node of the AddressAttribute tag. It drills down to the first level only, i.e., it cannot retrieve values about the Attribute of Designation and neither can it fetch information about the childnodes of Address tag. Therefore, in order to extract these information, we need to create another class for Address and Designation. Since we have multiple Address tags, we have a list of Address class in AddressDirectory.

Let's explore the Address class and the Designation class:

The Designation class here contains two variables, one for storing the innerText and other for storing the place attribute for the Designation tags.

The Address class further contains a variable that can store the attributes and child node details of Address tags.

Xml Serialize List String

The program to be executed in order to deserialize the XML will be:

One more thing that needs to be kept in mind is that, the keywords XmlElement, XmlAttribute, and XmlText are used to map information inside the XML tag to the class variable. The class variable name can be different from that in XML. For example:

Xml Serialize List

Here, we can see that the XML element HouseNo will be mapped to the class variable Number.

Conclusion

Deserialization and serialization is a very efficient way to convert the object to XML and vice versa. This save lots of saving time and effort.

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